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A well-liked PC operating system is Linux, which is similar to Windows and macOS. One of the most well-liked UNIX operating system variants is Linux. It is an operating system from the UNIX family, therefore a lot of its features overlap with those of UNIX. The robust capabilities of UNIX were not accessible for household PCs until the development of Linux. It is open source software, as opposed to Windows and macOS, because its source code is openly accessible and used.
Early in the 1990s, Finnish software engineer Linus Torvalds and the Free Software Foundation developed the operating system Linux (FSF). The majority of it is written in C, with some sections in Assembly language. It was first made available as open-source software on September 17, 1991, and is based on the Linux kernel. A Linux distribution is typically how Linux is packaged.
One of the most widely used platforms is Android, which runs the Linux operating system. Even NASA and SpaceX’s ground stations use Linux.
The size of the global Linux operating system market, which was $3.89 billion in 2019, is expected to increase to $15.64 billion by 2027, with a CAGR of 19.2%.
Our mobile devices, PCs, laptops, and even supercomputers all run Linux. Linux has long served as the foundation for business networking equipment, and it now forms the backbone of enterprise infrastructure. Both regular computer users and programmers are familiar with it.
History and Development of Linux Operating System:
The Linux Kernel, developed by Finnish software developer Linus Torvalds and the Free Software Foundation in the early 1990s, is where the name Linux originates (FSF). Torvalds began working on Linux while still a student at the University of Helsinki in an effort to construct a system like the UNIX operating system MINIX. He originally intended to call it Freax, but eventually changed the name to Linux. Version 0.01 of the Linux Kernel was originally made available to the general public on May 14, 1991.
The system also included the other operating system components, such as libraries, compilers, a UNIX shell, text editors, and a windows system, in order to create a comprehensive operating system. These parts came from the GNU Project, which Richard Stallman founded in 1984 and stands for “GNU’s Not Unix.” The majority of Linux’s utilities come from GNU software, and it is protected by GNU copyright.
The “GNU Public Licence,” a unique licence that outlines the ideals of free and open-source software, governs the release of all GNU programmes. After founding the Free Software Foundation (FSF) in 1985 to assist the free software movement, which advocates for the widespread freedom to research, develop, distribute, and modify computer software, Stallman wrote the licence in 1989. Therefore, the GNU Project’s goal was to develop fully compatible UNIX software that solely contained free software. Linus Torvalds published the Linux Kernel in 1992 under the terms of the GNU General Public Licence.
Uses Of Linux Operating System:
Linux may be used both from the terminal and through an interactive user interface. The Linux operating system establishes communication between software and hardware and connects all of your program to the working physical resources.
Uses for the Linux operating system include: –
- An operating system created by the community specifically for PCs, servers, mainframes, mobile devices, and embedded devices is called Linux.
- It has long served as the foundation for industrial networking equipment, but it is also a crucial pillar of business infrastructure.
- From tiny devices to almost all supercomputers, Linux systems are employed in computing.
- NASA and Space X’s ground stations both run Linux. A modified Linux kernel is one of the supplementary open source programs used in the development of the Android operating system.
- It is now used to support systems for mobile phones, web servers, vehicles, and more recently, networking equipment.
- Other electronic products, like TVs, cameras, watches, routers, servers, refrigerators, printers, etc are also embedded with Linux.
- One of the most extensively used operating systems, Linux is supported on practically all major computing platforms, including x86, ARM, and SPARC. Linux distributions are increasingly being used on desktop computers in homes and businesses.
Features of Linux Operating System:
There are a lot of characteristics of the Linux operating system that show it is a good option as an operating system. Some of the key characteristics of the Linux operating system are listed below: –
- In addition to being able to execute many programm and applications simultaneously, numerous users can access the same system resources, such as memory, hard disc, etc. By properly allocating CPU time, multiple tasks can be completed at once.
- Linux may operate in the same manner across a variety of hardware platforms. Although it is a command line-based OS, installing packages can change it to a GUI-based OS.
- Three methods are used by Linux to offer user security: authentication (using a password and login ID), authorization (granting read, write, and execute permissions), and encryption (converts file into an unreadable format).
- Since it is widely used, it supports multiple language keyboards and offers a hierarchical file system where files and folders are organised.
- A live CD or USB is offered by almost all Linux distributions so that users can run or test it out without installing it.
- To execute operating system commands, Linux has a specialized interpreter application. Additionally, it can be used to perform many kinds of activities, call application applications, etc.
Advantages:
Linux OS is well-known among regular computer users and programmers alike worldwide. Here are some of Linux OS’s greatest benefits: –
- Programmers can create their own unique operating systems using this Open Source OS.
- It is an OS that is extremely reliable, lightweight, adaptable, and stable. It also works well for multitasking. Over many networks, Linux computers deliver excellent performance.
- It is a completely trouble-free operating system that won’t slow down your computer or have any problems with viruses or spyware. Once Linux is installed, an antivirus program is no longer required.
- Because it supports nearly all of the most popular programming languages, including C/C++, Java, Python, Ruby, and more, Linux is ideal for developers and programmers. It also makes a huge variety of beneficial applications for development possible.
- The key factor making Linux the best choice for developers is its security features. The OS gets stronger and more secure with each update. It is excellent for gaming and is a very well-liked operating system among hackers.
- There are a lot of Linux distributions on the market. It offers consumers a variety of Linux alternatives and flavors. Debian, Ubuntu, Fedora, Arch Linux, Linux Mint, Kali Linux, and other popular distributions are just a few.
Disadvantages:
When utilising Linux, a user runs into various issues as well. The following are some drawbacks of the Linux operating system:
- Many Windows applications cannot be executed on Linux. But you can also utilise their replacements.
- Linux is harder to operate than Windows or MacOS. You must understand how to use the Linux Terminal. It is fairly comparable to Windows’ command prompt.
- In comparison to Windows, Linux has a lesser selection of peripheral hardware drivers (for printers, scanners, and other devices).
- It is great for gaming but does not offer a large selection of various game genres. Popular video games use Windows DirectX, which Linux can not support.
- Like Windows and MacOS, Linux has a number of community-developed editions called Distro or Distributions as opposed to a single edition. It will be more difficult to obtain support for a single special edition of Linux because there is no standard version and the communities are fragmented.
- Every operating system should have hibernation mode, yet Linux distributions either completely lack it or have unstable versions of it.
Why Do Hackers Prefer Linux Operating Systems?
For hackers, Linux is a very famous operating system. Here are some explanations on why it is so well-liked by hackers: –
- Pro hackers always prefer to operate on operating systems that are more safe and portable, and Linux is typically more secure than any other operating system.
- Being an open source operating system, Linux is the only one that doesn’t periodically require a reboot to boost performance, and as such, its source code is freely available.
- It is heavily built around a command line interface, which Windows and Mac don’t have because it is so powerful and well integrated.
- Users of Linux have unrestricted control over the system. Users can easily create the script in any script language because of its portability.
- Linux has an extremely quick boot process compared to other operating systems. Because of this, managing the necessary time during the hacking process becomes simpler.
- Linux was created with the ability to perform multiple tasks at once. Additionally, it has several incredible characteristics that set it apart from other operating systems in the world of hacking. Hackers favor Linux because of its many advantages over other operating systems.
Kali Linux is the most widely known Linux distro for ethical hacking and penetration testing. It is developed by Offensive Security and previously by Back Track. Here are 30 Amazing Facts that you should Know about Linux.
Conclusion:
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